Mendeley  

Zotero  

Haidary M. Types of biosensors and their application in the detection of microorganisms. KJMS 2025; 10 (19) :34-47
URL: http://kjms.knu.edu.af/article-1-65-en.html

Biosensors are devices for measuring the amount of analyte and chemical and biological reactions, Introduction: Substance use disorders, especially those related to nicotine, pose a major public health issue, with adolescents being particularly susceptible to their negative impacts. This study investigated the potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of biotin in reducing the behavioral and neurobiological effects linked to nicotine withdrawal in adolescent rats.
Materials and Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered nicotine followed by a withdrawal phase. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the open-field test, the elevated plus-maze test, and the forced-swimming test to evaluate anxiety and depressive behaviors post-withdrawal.
Results: Findings indicated that nicotine withdrawal exacerbates symptoms of anxiety and depression. Treatment with biotin, especially at higher doses, significantly mitigated these withdrawal-related behavioral changes.
Discussion: The results of this study imply that biotin may hold significant therapeutic promise for reducing the negative effects associated with nicotine withdrawal, particularly anxiety and depression. Considering the intricate neurobiological mechanisms involved in withdrawal symptoms, biotin’s capacity to influence key signaling pathways, including serotonin metabolism, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, could offer a comprehensive treatment strategy.